Characteristics of polybutylene terephthalate
DATE：2022/9/1 9:03:38 / READ： / SOURCE：This station
Characteristics of polybutylene terephthalate
Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) is a crystalline thermoplastic. The relative density is 1.31~1.55, the melting point is about 225 ℃, the water absorption rate is one of the lowest among thermoplastics, only 0.07%; the toughness and fatigue resistance are excellent, and the impact strength is high. Small coefficient of friction, self-lubricating; good heat and weather resistance, not easy to burn, but can starve; excellent electrical properties, volume resistivity of 1016Ω cm, higher than the general engineering plastics arc resistance 190s, in plastics It is also the highest; good chemical resistance, in addition to the decomposition of strong oxidizing acids such as concentrated nitric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid and alkaline substances, it is stable to organic bath agents, gasoline, engine oil, general cleaning agents, etc.; dimensionally stable, but Sensitive to notched shocks. The molding method is similar to the application and PET, but mainly uses reinforced PBT resin.
2.10 Gathering Wind
Polysulfone is also called bisphenol-A polysulfone (PSF). (1) Properties and characteristics Polysulfone is a slightly amber transparent amorphous like compound. It has excellent mechanical properties, high strength, good impact resistance, wear resistance, well-defined size, good creep resistance, small molding shrinkage, can be used as precision parts, but is prone to stress cracking; good thermal stability, can be used in - It can be used in the temperature range of 100~150℃, and the short-term use can reach 190℃; the product is non-toxic, radiation-resistant, flame-resistant, and has self-extinguishing properties; good dielectric properties, even in water and humid air, it will remain high good dielectric properties; good chemical stability, in addition to concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid, it is stable to other acids, alkalis, alcohols, aliphatic hydrocarbons and other chemicals, but it will swell in esters and ketones, and partially dissolve, Soluble in two years of methane and dichloroethane. Weather resistance and UV resistance are poor. PSF performance parameters are shown in Table 2-130. (2) Molding method and application Polysulfone can be processed by injection, extrusion, molding, blow coating, thermoforming, electric welding, welding and other methods. The raw materials need to be dry-exploded at 135°C for 3.5h. After molding, it should be post-treated at a temperature of about 155 ° C to eliminate the internal stress of the product, and then slowly drop to room temperature. The products mainly include mechanical industry parts, such as gears, impellers, pump bodies, washing machine parts, etc.; relays, coil skeletons, instrument panels, contactors, insulating parts in transformers, TV parts, etc. in the electrical and electronic industries; Speed caps, battery cap ignition parts, sensors, etc.; acid-resistant nozzles, valves, pipes, containers, etc. in the chemical industry; household appliances and medical equipment accessories, etc.
2.11 Polystyrene
Polyphenylene oxide (PPO), also called polyphenylene oxide, is a high temperature resistant thermoplastic resin. Polyphenylene ether is non-toxic, transparent, and has low density; good comprehensive properties, high strength, stress relaxation resistance, good creep resistance, dimensional stability, good heat resistance, heat distortion temperature up to 190 ℃, can be in - Long-term use in the temperature range of 90~150℃, glass transition temperature is 211℃, melting point is 268℃, and decomposition occurs at 330℃; light weight, good flame retardancy, poor self-extinguishing light resistance; poor melt fluidity, difficult to form (generally Multi-purpose PPO blends or alloys (modified MPPO); resistant to dilute acid, dilute alkali and salt solution, not resistant to strong oxidizing acids, chain hydrocarbons, ketones, esters cause products to crack under stress; soluble in aromatic hydrocarbons or chlorinated in chain hydrocarbons. Polyphenylene ether can be molded by injection, extrusion and compression molding, as well as foaming, blow molding, and fusion molding. The main products are electronics, electrical appliances, automobiles, machinery, home appliances, chemicals and medical equipment accessories. Such as sockets, winding racks, instrument housings, accessories, weak electrical equipment accessories, connectors, silent gears, clock measuring instruments, well pumps, hot water meters, copiers, typewriters, blades, sprinklers, valves, surgical instruments and disinfection equipment. 2.12 Auxiliary materials
Auxiliary materials for plastics refer to some auxiliaries added to the main raw resin in order to improve the performance of the resin or the performance of plastic products before processing various plastic resins. Some of these auxiliary materials can change the processing performance of the resin. , some can improve the physical and mechanical properties of the product, and some can change the appearance quality and so on of the plastic product. According to these functional roles of additives, more specific classification, commonly used plastic additives plasticizers, stabilizers, processing aids, impact modifiers, antioxidants, light stabilizers, flame retardants, foaming agents, antioxidants Static agents, colorants, lubricants, fillers, cross-linking agents, etc.
2.12.1 Notes on using selection
①Auxiliaries should have good compatibility with resins, and can be non-volatile, non-exuding, and non-blooming in the product for a long time and stably, so as to maintain the quality of the product. ②It does not decompose and deteriorate under high temperature conditions, and has no corrosive effect on machinery and equipment. ③ The mixed application of multiple additives does not produce mutual confrontation, and does not reduce the original function of each additive. ④ Use additives with low toxicity and little impact on environmental pollution. ⑤ The selected additives should be efficient and inexpensive.
2.12.2 Plasticizers
Adding plasticizers to the resin can change the plasticity of the material, make it soft, reduce the melt viscosity, and improve the molding processing characteristics. The properties and applications of commonly used plasticizers are as follows. ①Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) colorless and transparent liquid, toxic and soluble
Most organic solvents have an ignition point of 202°C. It is used in polyvinyl chloride products to make the products have better flexibility. ②Dioctyl phthalate (DOP) is a colorless oily liquid with a special smell. The ignition point is 241℃, and it is soluble in most organic solvents. It is the main plasticizer of polyvinyl chloride products, with good comprehensive properties: mixing performance, low temperature flexibility, electrical insulation performance, heat resistance, weather resistance are good, and high plasticizing efficiency, can be used for food packaging grease middle. ③Diisooctyl phthalate (DIOP) is a colorless and viscous liquid, soluble in most organic solvents and hydrocarbons, with an ignition point of 249°C. The performance is close to DOP, and it can replace DOP, with low toxicity and low price, but its electrical properties, plasticizing efficiency and low temperature performance are slightly worse than DOP. ④Dioctyl adipate (DOA) Colorless, odorless liquid, non-toxic, boiling point 210°C (655Pa), ignition point 235°C, insoluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents. It is a cold-resistant plasticizer in polyvinyl chloride products. The product still has good softness in low temperature environment. At the same time, it also has light stability and water resistance. It can be used as a molding aid for food packaging materials, but its volatility and Insufficient electrical insulation. ⑤Di-n-butyl sebacate (DBS) Colorless liquid, non-toxic, the ignition point is 218℃, the explosion limit in air is 0.44% (volume fraction, the lower limit at 243℃), and the solubility in water is 0.40g/L (20℃). Compatible with most resins, has a good solvent effect, and can be used as a cold-resistant main plasticizer; it is often used in combination with phthalates to reduce its volatility and easy to be extracted by water, soapy water and washing solutions. possibility. ⑥Dioctyl sebacate (DOS) is a colorless oily liquid with an ignition point of 263°C, soluble in alcohol, benzene, ether and other organic solvents, but insoluble in water. It is a cold-resistant plasticizer with good low-temperature performance and low volatility that is often used in cable materials. It can also be used in high-temperature environments. It has good weather resistance and electrical insulation; but it is easy to be extracted by hydrocarbon solvents and easy to migrate. ⑦Tricresyl Phosphate (TCP) is colorless, slightly phenolic odor, toxic, decomposes at 420℃, flash point is 230℃, soluble in benzene, ether and alcohol. Excellent compatibility with polyvinyl chloride, can be used as the main plasticizer of PVC, has good flame retardancy, wear resistance, weather resistance and electrical properties, low volatility, water and oil extraction resistance, but poor low temperature performance . ⑧Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) white needle-like crystal, melting point 49.2℃, toxic and insoluble in water. It is a flame retardant auxiliary plasticizer with good mechanical properties, good flexibility and toughness, low volatility; poor light resistance, not suitable for light-colored products. ⑨Butyl epoxy stearate (BES or BEO) is a light yellow transparent liquid. When the temperature is lower than 10℃, a small amount of agglomerate is precipitated. The flash point is higher than 190℃. It is soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform. Good compatibility with polyvinyl chloride, it is both a plasticizer and a stabilizer, with good heat resistance, weather resistance, and cold resistance; but it is volatile, and the dosage is about 5%. ⑩Phenyl petroleum sulfonate (M-50) is a yellow oily transparent liquid with a flash point of 200-220°C (open dish) used in polyvinyl chloride products. It has good dielectric properties, mechanical properties and weather resistance, and low volatility. However, the cold resistance is poor, the compatibility is medium, and it is often used in combination with phthalates, generally about 15 parts. ⑪ Chlorinated paraffin (43%) golden yellow or amber viscous liquid, non-toxic, odorless, non-flammable, non-explosive, extremely volatile, soluble in most organic solvents, insoluble in ethanol and alcohol, temperature greater than 120 ℃ It can decompose hydrogen chloride gas, iron, zinc and other metal substances can promote its decomposition, can be used as PVC auxiliary plasticizer, replace part of the main extender, reduce product cost and reduce flammability.
Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) is a crystalline thermoplastic. The relative density is 1.31~1.55, the melting point is about 225 ℃, the water absorption rate is one of the lowest among thermoplastics, only 0.07%; the toughness and fatigue resistance are excellent, and the impact strength is high. Small coefficient of friction, self-lubricating; good heat and weather resistance, not easy to burn, but can starve; excellent electrical properties, volume resistivity of 1016Ω cm, higher than the general engineering plastics arc resistance 190s, in plastics It is also the highest; good chemical resistance, in addition to the decomposition of strong oxidizing acids such as concentrated nitric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid and alkaline substances, it is stable to organic bath agents, gasoline, engine oil, general cleaning agents, etc.; dimensionally stable, but Sensitive to notched shocks. The molding method is similar to the application and PET, but mainly uses reinforced PBT resin.
2.10 Gathering Wind
Polysulfone is also called bisphenol-A polysulfone (PSF). (1) Properties and characteristics Polysulfone is a slightly amber transparent amorphous like compound. It has excellent mechanical properties, high strength, good impact resistance, wear resistance, well-defined size, good creep resistance, small molding shrinkage, can be used as precision parts, but is prone to stress cracking; good thermal stability, can be used in - It can be used in the temperature range of 100~150℃, and the short-term use can reach 190℃; the product is non-toxic, radiation-resistant, flame-resistant, and has self-extinguishing properties; good dielectric properties, even in water and humid air, it will remain high good dielectric properties; good chemical stability, in addition to concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid, it is stable to other acids, alkalis, alcohols, aliphatic hydrocarbons and other chemicals, but it will swell in esters and ketones, and partially dissolve, Soluble in two years of methane and dichloroethane. Weather resistance and UV resistance are poor. PSF performance parameters are shown in Table 2-130. (2) Molding method and application Polysulfone can be processed by injection, extrusion, molding, blow coating, thermoforming, electric welding, welding and other methods. The raw materials need to be dry-exploded at 135°C for 3.5h. After molding, it should be post-treated at a temperature of about 155 ° C to eliminate the internal stress of the product, and then slowly drop to room temperature. The products mainly include mechanical industry parts, such as gears, impellers, pump bodies, washing machine parts, etc.; relays, coil skeletons, instrument panels, contactors, insulating parts in transformers, TV parts, etc. in the electrical and electronic industries; Speed caps, battery cap ignition parts, sensors, etc.; acid-resistant nozzles, valves, pipes, containers, etc. in the chemical industry; household appliances and medical equipment accessories, etc.
2.11 Polystyrene
Polyphenylene oxide (PPO), also called polyphenylene oxide, is a high temperature resistant thermoplastic resin. Polyphenylene ether is non-toxic, transparent, and has low density; good comprehensive properties, high strength, stress relaxation resistance, good creep resistance, dimensional stability, good heat resistance, heat distortion temperature up to 190 ℃, can be in - Long-term use in the temperature range of 90~150℃, glass transition temperature is 211℃, melting point is 268℃, and decomposition occurs at 330℃; light weight, good flame retardancy, poor self-extinguishing light resistance; poor melt fluidity, difficult to form (generally Multi-purpose PPO blends or alloys (modified MPPO); resistant to dilute acid, dilute alkali and salt solution, not resistant to strong oxidizing acids, chain hydrocarbons, ketones, esters cause products to crack under stress; soluble in aromatic hydrocarbons or chlorinated in chain hydrocarbons. Polyphenylene ether can be molded by injection, extrusion and compression molding, as well as foaming, blow molding, and fusion molding. The main products are electronics, electrical appliances, automobiles, machinery, home appliances, chemicals and medical equipment accessories. Such as sockets, winding racks, instrument housings, accessories, weak electrical equipment accessories, connectors, silent gears, clock measuring instruments, well pumps, hot water meters, copiers, typewriters, blades, sprinklers, valves, surgical instruments and disinfection equipment. 2.12 Auxiliary materials
Auxiliary materials for plastics refer to some auxiliaries added to the main raw resin in order to improve the performance of the resin or the performance of plastic products before processing various plastic resins. Some of these auxiliary materials can change the processing performance of the resin. , some can improve the physical and mechanical properties of the product, and some can change the appearance quality and so on of the plastic product. According to these functional roles of additives, more specific classification, commonly used plastic additives plasticizers, stabilizers, processing aids, impact modifiers, antioxidants, light stabilizers, flame retardants, foaming agents, antioxidants Static agents, colorants, lubricants, fillers, cross-linking agents, etc.
2.12.1 Notes on using selection
①Auxiliaries should have good compatibility with resins, and can be non-volatile, non-exuding, and non-blooming in the product for a long time and stably, so as to maintain the quality of the product. ②It does not decompose and deteriorate under high temperature conditions, and has no corrosive effect on machinery and equipment. ③ The mixed application of multiple additives does not produce mutual confrontation, and does not reduce the original function of each additive. ④ Use additives with low toxicity and little impact on environmental pollution. ⑤ The selected additives should be efficient and inexpensive.
2.12.2 Plasticizers
Adding plasticizers to the resin can change the plasticity of the material, make it soft, reduce the melt viscosity, and improve the molding processing characteristics. The properties and applications of commonly used plasticizers are as follows. ①Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) colorless and transparent liquid, toxic and soluble
Most organic solvents have an ignition point of 202°C. It is used in polyvinyl chloride products to make the products have better flexibility. ②Dioctyl phthalate (DOP) is a colorless oily liquid with a special smell. The ignition point is 241℃, and it is soluble in most organic solvents. It is the main plasticizer of polyvinyl chloride products, with good comprehensive properties: mixing performance, low temperature flexibility, electrical insulation performance, heat resistance, weather resistance are good, and high plasticizing efficiency, can be used for food packaging grease middle. ③Diisooctyl phthalate (DIOP) is a colorless and viscous liquid, soluble in most organic solvents and hydrocarbons, with an ignition point of 249°C. The performance is close to DOP, and it can replace DOP, with low toxicity and low price, but its electrical properties, plasticizing efficiency and low temperature performance are slightly worse than DOP. ④Dioctyl adipate (DOA) Colorless, odorless liquid, non-toxic, boiling point 210°C (655Pa), ignition point 235°C, insoluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents. It is a cold-resistant plasticizer in polyvinyl chloride products. The product still has good softness in low temperature environment. At the same time, it also has light stability and water resistance. It can be used as a molding aid for food packaging materials, but its volatility and Insufficient electrical insulation. ⑤Di-n-butyl sebacate (DBS) Colorless liquid, non-toxic, the ignition point is 218℃, the explosion limit in air is 0.44% (volume fraction, the lower limit at 243℃), and the solubility in water is 0.40g/L (20℃). Compatible with most resins, has a good solvent effect, and can be used as a cold-resistant main plasticizer; it is often used in combination with phthalates to reduce its volatility and easy to be extracted by water, soapy water and washing solutions. possibility. ⑥Dioctyl sebacate (DOS) is a colorless oily liquid with an ignition point of 263°C, soluble in alcohol, benzene, ether and other organic solvents, but insoluble in water. It is a cold-resistant plasticizer with good low-temperature performance and low volatility that is often used in cable materials. It can also be used in high-temperature environments. It has good weather resistance and electrical insulation; but it is easy to be extracted by hydrocarbon solvents and easy to migrate. ⑦Tricresyl Phosphate (TCP) is colorless, slightly phenolic odor, toxic, decomposes at 420℃, flash point is 230℃, soluble in benzene, ether and alcohol. Excellent compatibility with polyvinyl chloride, can be used as the main plasticizer of PVC, has good flame retardancy, wear resistance, weather resistance and electrical properties, low volatility, water and oil extraction resistance, but poor low temperature performance . ⑧Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) white needle-like crystal, melting point 49.2℃, toxic and insoluble in water. It is a flame retardant auxiliary plasticizer with good mechanical properties, good flexibility and toughness, low volatility; poor light resistance, not suitable for light-colored products. ⑨Butyl epoxy stearate (BES or BEO) is a light yellow transparent liquid. When the temperature is lower than 10℃, a small amount of agglomerate is precipitated. The flash point is higher than 190℃. It is soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform. Good compatibility with polyvinyl chloride, it is both a plasticizer and a stabilizer, with good heat resistance, weather resistance, and cold resistance; but it is volatile, and the dosage is about 5%. ⑩Phenyl petroleum sulfonate (M-50) is a yellow oily transparent liquid with a flash point of 200-220°C (open dish) used in polyvinyl chloride products. It has good dielectric properties, mechanical properties and weather resistance, and low volatility. However, the cold resistance is poor, the compatibility is medium, and it is often used in combination with phthalates, generally about 15 parts. ⑪ Chlorinated paraffin (43%) golden yellow or amber viscous liquid, non-toxic, odorless, non-flammable, non-explosive, extremely volatile, soluble in most organic solvents, insoluble in ethanol and alcohol, temperature greater than 120 ℃ It can decompose hydrogen chloride gas, iron, zinc and other metal substances can promote its decomposition, can be used as PVC auxiliary plasticizer, replace part of the main extender, reduce product cost and reduce flammability.
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